Science calculators
Explore motion, speed, distance and trajectories using explicit units and assumptions.
Motion calculator
Calculate displacement, path length, velocity, acceleration and kinetic energy.
Speed distance time calculator
Solve speed, distance or time with explicit length, speed and duration units.
Angular motion calculator
Calculate angular acceleration, rotation and tangential motion from radian or RPM inputs.
Projectile and free fall calculator
Calculate ideal flight time, range, height and impact speed with a trajectory diagram.
Distance calculator
Measure straight-line coordinate distance or approximate great-circle distance from latitude and longitude.
Work and force calculator
Solve Newton law, sum planar force vectors and calculate work at an angle.
Friction calculator
Distinguish actual static friction, maximum static friction and kinetic friction, or solve a coefficient.
Tension calculator
Calculate tension for one vertical rope, two supporting ropes or an ideal two-mass pulley.
Gravity and escape velocity calculator
Calculate inverse-square gravity, attraction force and escape speed from mass and centre distance.
Rotational moment of inertia calculator
Calculate mass inertia for defined shapes and axes, including valid parallel-axis offsets.
Momentum calculator
Solve signed one-dimensional momentum, mass or velocity.
Kinetic energy calculator
Solve energy, mass or speed, compare energy units and estimate average stopping force from distance.
Spring energy calculator
Calculate spring energy, signed restoring force and inverse stiffness or displacement.
Density, mass and volume calculator
Solve density, mass or volume with explicit metric and imperial units.
Water and dry air properties
Calculate tabulated water density, specific gravity, mass and weight, or dry ideal-air density.
Dynamic and kinematic viscosity converter
Convert dynamic and kinematic viscosity using fluid density, including cP and cSt.
Drag, lift and terminal velocity calculator
Calculate drag, lift or signed terminal velocity with explicit area, coefficient and buoyancy.
Pipe flow rate calculator
Calculate full circular-pipe volume flow, mean speed and mass flow.
Reynolds number calculator
Calculate Reynolds number with pipe-only regime interpretation and explicit fluid properties.
Mach and speed of sound calculator
Convert Mach and airspeed at an explicit temperature, including mph, km/h, ft/s and knots.
Density and pressure altitude calculator
Calculate pressure altitude, moist-air density altitude or standard tropospheric pressure with explicit station-pressure inputs.
Dew point, wet bulb, heat index and wind chill
Estimate dew point, sea-level wet bulb and NWS heat index or wind chill within stated model limits.
Wave frequency and wavelength calculator
Convert frequency, wavelength, speed, period and angular frequency with explicit units.
Photon energy calculator
Convert vacuum wavelength, frequency and photon energy using exact SI constants.
Doppler shift calculator
Calculate acoustic or longitudinal relativistic Doppler shifts with explicit velocity signs.
Thin lens calculator
Calculate real or virtual image position, magnification and signed image height.
Heat capacity calculator
Solve heat, mass, specific heat or temperature change with Q = mcΔT.
Ideal gas law calculator
Solve PV = nRT and compare compatible units of the universal gas constant.
Moles, atoms and electrons calculator
Convert mass, moles and particle counts or calculate isotope proton, neutron and electron counts.
Theoretical and percent yield calculator
Calculate limiting reactant, theoretical product and percentage yield from balanced coefficients.
Half-life calculator
Solve remaining amount, elapsed time or half-life for exponential decay.
Freezing point depression calculator
Estimate dilute-solution freezing point from molality, solvent constant and entered van’t Hoff factor.
Water boiling point calculator
Calculate pure-water saturation temperature from absolute pressure using the IAPWS correlation.
Bond angle calculator and geometry guide
Calculate an angle from bond vectors and compare ideal electron-domain geometries.