Practical tools for measured work
Water and dry air properties
Calculate tabulated water density, specific gravity, mass and weight, or dry ideal-air density.
Calculate the layout, check the diagram, then print the result for the shop or jobsite.
How it works
Water density is linearly interpolated from the USDA table at 101325 Pa, from 1°C through 30°C. At 20°C, density is 998.206 kg/m³. Specific gravity divides that density by water density at your chosen reference temperature. Weight uses g = 9.80665 m/s². Dry air uses ρ = p/(287.05T), with absolute kelvin temperature.
Current-input example
The result above uses these exact values. This snapshot is included when the page is printed so the output can be checked against the original measurements.
- Fluid model
- Pure liquid water
- Temperature
- 20 °C
- Reference water temperature
- 4 °C
- Water volume
- 1 L
Primary result: Water density: 998.206 kg/m³.
Before using the result
- Check the selected mode, units and input values before using the result.
- Read the assumptions and rounding rules; compare the worked example with your intended calculation.
- A numerical result does not supply missing context or change the stated limitations.
Limitations
Water inputs are restricted to 1–30°C; salt, dissolved material and pressure changes are excluded. Air inputs are restricted to −50–100°C and 20–200 kPa absolute; humidity and real-gas corrections are excluded. Specific gravity needs an explicit reference temperature.
Frequently asked questions
Which conditions should I enter?
Use the actual temperature, pressure, material and geometry for your case. Each result uses the assumptions stated below; a numerical result alone does not validate those assumptions.
Related tools
Density, mass and volume calculator
Solve density, mass or volume with explicit metric and imperial units.
Dynamic and kinematic viscosity converter
Convert dynamic and kinematic viscosity using fluid density, including cP and cSt.
Drag, lift and terminal velocity calculator
Calculate drag, lift or signed terminal velocity with explicit area, coefficient and buoyancy.
Motion calculator
Calculate displacement, path length, velocity, acceleration and kinetic energy.