Practical tools for measured work
Thin-wall cylinder membrane stress
Estimate thin-wall cylinder hoop and closed-end axial membrane stresses for static internal pressure with D/t greater than 20.
How it works
Using the stated outside-diameter approximation, hoop stress is pD/(2t). Closed ends also produce axial membrane stress pD/(4t). This worksheet conservatively restricts D/t to greater than 20; external pressure and nonuniform sections are rejected.
Before using the result
- Measure from the datum or reference edge described by this tool, and do not mix inside, outside and centerline dimensions.
- Keep inputs in the displayed units and preserve more precision than the final cutting or purchasing tolerance requires.
- When the result is close to a limit, verify it with a test piece, field measurement, manufacturer drawing or qualified project professional.
Limitations
Not pressure-vessel design or an allowable-pressure calculation. No code factors, weld efficiency, corrosion allowance, fatigue, buckling, temperature effects, end discontinuities or material allowable stress are checked. Never use this result alone to construct or pressurize equipment.
Frequently asked questions
What should I verify before using this result?
Recheck the physical measurements, confirm that every input uses the displayed unit, and compare the result with the applicable drawing, product specification, code requirement or test piece.
Why might the finished result differ?
Real work can include thickness, kerf, seams, tolerances, hardware allowances, installation clearances or site conditions that are outside the calculation. The limitations section identifies the main exclusions for this tool.
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